Pathways Knowlegdes

Biological pathway database


Pathway DOIs Note
choline-O-sulfate degradation

Accession ID: BioCyc:AGRO_P542-PWY
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glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:AURANTIMONAS_BETSYN-PWY
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superpathway of methionine degradation

Accession ID: BioCyc:MOUSE_PWY-5328
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methionine salvage II (mammalia)

Accession ID: BioCyc:MOUSE_ADENOSYLHOMOCYSCAT-PWY
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glycine betaine degradation I

Accession ID: BioCyc:SCO_PWY-3661
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L-carnitine degradation II

Accession ID: BioCyc:SCO_PWY-3602
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glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:PCHR_BETSYN-PWY
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glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:ECOL316407_BETSYN-PWY
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glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:ECOL413997_BETSYN-PWY
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glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:THAPS_BETSYN-PWY
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glycine betaine biosynthesis II (Gram-positive bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:THAPS_PWY-3722
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glycine betaine biosynthesis II (Gram-positive bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:CLOSSAC_PWY-3722
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glycine betaine degradation II (mammalian)

Accession ID: BioCyc:HUMAN_PWY-3661-1
  • 10.1086/319520
Binzak BA, Wevers RA, Moolenaar SH, Lee Y, Hwu W, Poggi-Bach J, Engelke UFH, Hoard HM, Vockley JG, Vockley J. Cloning of Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase and a New Human Inborn Error of Metabolism, Dimethylglycine Dehydrogenase Deficiency. The American Journal of Human Genetics. 2001 Apr;68(4):839–47. doi: 10.1086/319520.
choline degradation II

Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-3721
  • 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131664
Ikuta S, Matuura K, Imamura S, Misaki H, Horiuti Y. Oxidative pathway of choline to betaine in the soluble fraction prepared from Arthrobacter globiformis. J Biochem. 1977 Jul;82(1):157–63. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a131664. PMID: 197073.
D-carnitine degradation I

Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-7471
  • 10.1128/jb.101.3.1094-1095.1970
  • 10.1271/bbb.61.1055
Setyahadi S, Ueyama T, Arimoto T, Mori N, Kitamoto Y. Purification and Properties of a New Enzyme, D-Carnitine Dehydrogenase, fromAgrobacteriumsp. 525a. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 1997 Jan;61(6):1055–8. doi: 10.1271/bbb.61.1055.; Lindstedt G, Lindstedt S, Midtvedt T, Tofft M. Inducible ?-Butyrobetaine-Degrading Enzymes in Pseudomonas Species AK 1. J Bacteriol. 1970 Mar;101(3):1094–5. doi: 10.1128/jb.101.3.1094-1095.1970.
D-carnitine degradation II

Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-7472
  • 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00470.x
  • 10.1128/jb.101.3.1094-1095.1970
Eichler K, Bourgis F, Buchet A, Kleber H, Mandrand-Berthelot M. Molecular characterization of the cai operon necessary for carnitine metabolism in Escherichia coii. Molecular Microbiology. 1994 Sep;13(5):775–86. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00470.x.; Lindstedt G, Lindstedt S, Midtvedt T, Tofft M. Inducible ?-Butyrobetaine-Degrading Enzymes in Pseudomonas Species AK 1. J Bacteriol. 1970 Mar;101(3):1094–5. doi: 10.1128/jb.101.3.1094-1095.1970.
glycine betaine biosynthesis II (Gram-positive bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:META_PWY-3722
  • 10.1128/jb.178.17.5121-5129.1996
Boch J, Kempf B, Schmid R, Bremer E. Synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine in Bacillus subtilis: characterization of the gbsAB genes. J Bacteriol. 1996 Sep;178(17):5121–9. doi: 10.1128/jb.178.17.5121-5129.1996.
L-methionine salvage from L-homocysteine

Accession ID: BioCyc:META_ADENOSYLHOMOCYSCAT-PWY
  • 10.1016/0304-4165(81)90217-8
  • 10.1074/jbc.271.37.22831
  • 10.1074/jbc.m710449200
  • 10.1096/fasebj.4.5.2407589
Szegedi SS, Castro CC, Koutmos M, Garrow TA: Betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase-2 is an S-methylmethionine-homocysteine methyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 2008 Apr 4;283(14):8939-45. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M710449200. Epub 2008 Jan 29.; Garrow TA. Purification, Kinetic Properties, and cDNA Cloning of Mammalian Betaine-Homocysteine Methyltransferase. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1996 Sep;271(37):22831–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.271.37.22831.; Banerjee RV, Matthews RG. Cobalamin-dependent methionine synthase. FASEB J. 1990 Mar;4(5):1450–9. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.4.5.2407589. PMID: 2407589.; DUERRE J, BRISKEANDERSON M. Effect of adenosine metabolites on methyltransferase reactions in isolated rat livers. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects. 1981 Dec 04;678(2):275–82. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(81)90217-8.
glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:ECOL199310_BETSYN-PWY
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glycine betaine biosynthesis I (Gram-negative bacteria)

Accession ID: BioCyc:CAULO_BETSYN-PWY
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