Kaempferol

Kaempferol, also known as rhamnolutein or c.i. 75640, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as flavonols. Flavonols are compounds that contain a flavone (2-phenyl-1-benzopyran-4-one) backbone carrying a hydroxyl group at the 3-position. Thus, kaempferol is considered to be a flavonoid molecule. A tetrahydroxyflavone in which the four hydroxy groups are located at positions 3, 5, 7 and 4'. Kaempferol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. Kaempferol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Kaempferol is a bitter tasting compound. Kaempferol is found, on average, in the highest concentration within a few different foods, such as saffrons, capers, and cumins and in a lower concentration in lovages, endives, and cloves. Kaempferol has also been detected, but not quantified, in several different foods, such as shallots, pine nuts, feijoa, kombus, and chicory leaves. This could make kaempferol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Kaempferol is a potentially toxic compound.

ID EC Number Name
KEGG:R03126 1.14.20.6 dihydroflavonol,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase
KEGG:R05035 2.1.1.76 S-adenosyl-L-methionine:kaempferol 3-O-methyltransferase;
KEGG:R06538 1.14.14.81 kaempferol,[reduced NADPH---hemoprotein reductase]:oxygen oxidoreductase (3'-hydroxylating)
KEGG:R06611 2.4.1.91 UDPglucose:flavonol 3-O-D-glucosyltransferase
KEGG:R06807 2.1.1.155 S-adenosyl-L-methionine:kaempferol 4'-O-methyltransferase
KEGG:R06808 2.4.1.234 UDP-alpha-D-galactose:kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-galactosyltransferase
KEGG:R09802 2.4.1.- UDP-L-rhamnose:kaempferol 3-O-rhamnosyltransferase
KEGG:R10609 2.4.2.56 UDP-alpha-D-xylose:kaempferol 3-O-D-xylosyltransferase
KEGG:R13068 C05903<=>C00974
BioCyc:RXN-8263 2.4.1.237 kaempferol 7-glucosyltransferase
BioCyc:RXN-12510 1.14.14.82 CPD1F-90 + Red-NADPH-Hemoprotein-Reductases + OXYGEN-MOLECULE --> CPD-520 + Ox-NADPH-Hemoprotein-Reductases + WATER
BioCyc:RXN66-595 1.14.14.1 CPD-13502 + Red-NADPH-Hemoprotein-Reductases + OXYGEN-MOLECULE --> CPD1F-90 + Ox-NADPH-Hemoprotein-Reductases + WATER
BioCyc:RXN-14702 2.4.2.56 UDP-D-XYLOSE + CPD1F-90<=>UDP + CPD-15540 + PROTON
BioCyc:RXN66-596 1.14.14.1 CPD-7252 + Red-NADPH-Hemoprotein-Reductases + OXYGEN-MOLECULE --> CPD1F-90 + Ox-NADPH-Hemoprotein-Reductases + FORMALDEHYDE + WATER
BioCyc:RXN1F-474 2.4.1.- kaempferol 3-rhamnosyltransferase
BioCyc:RXN-13935 2.1.1.- S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE + CPD1F-90 --> CPD-14950 + ADENOSYL-HOMO-CYS
BioCyc:2.4.1.234-RXN 2.4.1.234 CPD-14553 + CPD1F-90<=>PROTON + UDP + CPD-7260
BioCyc:2.1.1.155-RXN 2.1.1.155 S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE + CPD1F-90 --> PROTON + ADENOSYL-HOMO-CYS + CPD-7252
BioCyc:RXN1F-461 2.4.1.91 CPD-12575 + CPD1F-90 --> CPD1F-453 + UDP + PROTON
BioCyc:RXN1F-93 1.14.20.6 DIHYDROKAEMPFEROL-CMPD + 2-KETOGLUTARATE + OXYGEN-MOLECULE --> CPD1F-90 + SUC + CARBON-DIOXIDE + WATER + PROTON