Gallate
Gallic acid is an organic acid, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid, found in gallnuts, sumac, witch hazel, tea leaves, oak bark, and other plants. The chemical formula is C6H2(OH)3CO2H. Gallic acid is widely distributed in plants and is found both free and as part of tannins. It is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. Gallic acid can also be used to synthesize the hallucinogenic alkaloid mescaline, also known as 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine. Salts and esters of gallic acid are termed gallates. Gallic acid has been found to be s metabolite of Aspergillus (PMID:24031294).
| ID | EC Number | Name |
|---|---|---|
| KEGG:R00053 | 3.1.1.20 | digallate acylhydrolase; |
| KEGG:R01637 | C00230<=>C01424 | |
| KEGG:R03247 | 4.1.1.59 | gallate carboxy-lyase |
| KEGG:R03297 | 2.4.1.136 | UDPglucose:gallate beta-D-glucosyltransferase |
| KEGG:R03549 | 1.13.11.3 | gallate:oxygen 3,4-oxidoreductase (decyclizing) |
| KEGG:R03550 | 1.13.11.8 | gallate:oxygen 4,5-oxidoreductase (decyclizing) |
| KEGG:R03551 | C01424 + C00132<=>C05616 + C00001 | |
| KEGG:R09271 | 2.1.1.341 | 3-O-methylgallate:tetrahydrofolate O-methyltransferase |
| KEGG:R09565 | 1.13.11.8 | gallate:oxygen oxidoreductase |
| KEGG:R12886 | C22438<=>C01424 | |
| Rhea:RHEA:12750 | 4.1.1.59 | 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate + H+ => 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene + CO2 |
| Rhea:RHEA:12751 | 4.1.1.59 | 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene + CO2 => 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate + H+ |
| Rhea:RHEA:12752 | 4.1.1.59 | 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate + H+ <=> 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene + CO2 |
| Rhea:RHEA:15250 | 2.4.1.136 | 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate + UDP-α-D-glucose => 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose + UDP |
| Rhea:RHEA:15251 | 2.4.1.136 | 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose + UDP => 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate + UDP-α-D-glucose |
| Rhea:RHEA:15252 | 2.4.1.136 | 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate + UDP-α-D-glucose <=> 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose + UDP |
| Rhea:RHEA:16366 | 3.1.1.20 | digallate + H2O => 2 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate + H+ |
| Rhea:RHEA:16367 | 3.1.1.20 | 2 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate + H+ => digallate + H2O |
| Rhea:RHEA:16368 | 3.1.1.20 | digallate + H2O <=> 2 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate + H+ |
| Rhea:RHEA:28928 | 1.13.11.57 | 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate + O2 => (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + 2 H+ |
| Rhea:RHEA:28929 | 1.13.11.57 | (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + 2 H+ => 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate + O2 |
| Rhea:RHEA:28930 | 1.13.11.57 | 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate + O2 <=> (1E)-4-oxobut-1-ene-1,2,4-tricarboxylate + 2 H+ |
| Rhea:RHEA:36472 | 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate(out) + H+(out) => 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate(in) + H+(in) | |
| Rhea:RHEA:36473 | 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate(in) + H+(in) => 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate(out) + H+(out) | |
| Rhea:RHEA:36474 | 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate(out) + H+(out) <=> 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate(in) + H+(in) | |
| Rhea:RHEA:52281 | 2.1.1.341 | 3-O-methylgallate + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate => 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate + (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate |
| Rhea:RHEA:52282 | 2.1.1.341 | 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate + (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate => 3-O-methylgallate + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate |
| Rhea:RHEA:52283 | 2.1.1.341 | 3-O-methylgallate + (6S)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate <=> 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate + (6S)-5-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate |
| BioCyc:GALLATE-DIOXYGENASE-RXN | 1.13.11.57 | CPD-183 + OXYGEN-MOLECULE --> 4-OXALOMESACONATE + 2 PROTON |
| BioCyc:RXN-10892 | 2.1.1.341 | tetrahydrofolate-dependent 3- O-methylgallate O-demethylase |