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(3R)-all-trans-3-Hydroxyretinal

Apo-15-zeaxanthinal, also known as (-)-(R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal, is a member of the class of compounds known as retinoids. Retinoids are oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof. Thus, apo-15-zeaxanthinal is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Apo-15-zeaxanthinal is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Apo-15-zeaxanthinal can be found in a number of food items such as red bell pepper, pepper (c. annuum), green bell pepper, and italian sweet red pepper, which makes apo-15-zeaxanthinal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.