(3R)-all-trans-3-Hydroxyretinal
Apo-15-zeaxanthinal, also known as (-)-(R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal, is a member of the class of compounds known as retinoids. Retinoids are oxygenated derivatives of 3,7-dimethyl-1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-enyl)nona-1,3,5,7-tetraene and derivatives thereof. Thus, apo-15-zeaxanthinal is considered to be an isoprenoid lipid molecule. Apo-15-zeaxanthinal is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa). Apo-15-zeaxanthinal can be found in a number of food items such as red bell pepper, pepper (c. annuum), green bell pepper, and italian sweet red pepper, which makes apo-15-zeaxanthinal a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.
| ID | EC Number | Name |
|---|---|---|
| KEGG:R10192 | 1.13.11.65 | zeaxanthin:oxygen 15,15'-oxidoreductase (bond-cleaving, cis-isomerizing) |
| Rhea:RHEA:26419 | (3R)-3-hydroxy-8'-apo-β-carotenal + O2 => (2E,4E,6E)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,4,6-trienedial + (3R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal | |
| Rhea:RHEA:26420 | (2E,4E,6E)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,4,6-trienedial + (3R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal => (3R)-3-hydroxy-8'-apo-β-carotenal + O2 | |
| Rhea:RHEA:26421 | (3R)-3-hydroxy-8'-apo-β-carotenal + O2 <=> (2E,4E,6E)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,4,6-trienedial + (3R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal | |
| Rhea:RHEA:33932 | 1.13.11.65 | all-trans-zeaxanthin + O2 => (3R)-11-cis-3-hydroxyretinal + (3R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal |
| Rhea:RHEA:33933 | 1.13.11.65 | (3R)-11-cis-3-hydroxyretinal + (3R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal => all-trans-zeaxanthin + O2 |
| Rhea:RHEA:33934 | 1.13.11.65 | all-trans-zeaxanthin + O2 <=> (3R)-11-cis-3-hydroxyretinal + (3R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal |
| Rhea:RHEA:33931 | [33931] all-trans-zeaxanthin + O2 = (3R)-11-cis-3-hydroxyretinal + (3R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal | |
| Rhea:RHEA:26418 | [26418] (3R)-3-hydroxy-8'-apo-beta-carotenal + O2 = (2E,4E,6E)-2,6-dimethylocta-2,4,6-trienedial + (3R)-all-trans-3-hydroxyretinal |