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(R) 2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate is an intermediate in valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis. The pathway of valine biosynthesis is a four-step pathway that shares all of its steps with the parallel pathway of isoleucine biosynthesis. These entwined pathways are part of the superpathway of leucine, valine, and isoleucine biosynthesis , that generates not only isoleucine and valine, but also leucine. (R) 2,3-Dihydroxy-isovalerate is generated from 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-oxobutanoic acid via the enzyme ketol-acid reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.86) then it is converted to 2-Oxoisovalerate via the dihydroxy-acid dehydratase (EC:4.2.1.9).

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose is a product of the splitting up of Pyridoxine (an intermediate in Vitamin B6 metabolism) into two components (the other one being 4-Hydroxy-L-threonine). (KEGG).

2-deoxy-L-arabinose is a deoxypentose. It is functionally related to a L-arabinose.

A dihydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is isovaleric acid which is substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 2 and 3." []

A deoxypentose that is aldehydo-D-ribose in which the hydroxy group at position 5 is substituted by a hydrogen." []

Deoxyribose is an aldopentose, a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde functional group. It is derived from the pentose sugar ribose by the replacement of the hydroxyl group at the 2 position with hydrogen, leading to the net loss of an oxygen atom, and has chemical formula C5H10O4. In deoxyribose, the carbon furthest from the attached carbon is stripped of the oxygen atom in what would be a hydroxyl group in ribose. The common base adenine (a purine derivative) coupled to deoxyribose is called deoxyadenosine. The 5-triphosphate derivative of adenosine, commonly called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an important energy transport molecule in cells. -- Wikipedia.

2,3-Dihydroxyvaleric acid (DHVA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as hydroxy fatty acids. These are fatty acids in which the chain bears a hydroxyl group. This compound has been detected in extracts from the purple carrot (https://doi.org/10.3390/app10238493). It is likely a hydroxylation derivative of the more common 2-hydroxyvaleric acid (an algal metabolite derived from a valeric acid) or 3-hydroxyvaleric acid (a 5-carbon ketone body made from odd carbon fatty acids in the liver). Very little is known about the origin of this particular hydroxy fatty acid.

Glycerol acetate is the ester produced from the esterification of glycerol with acetic acid. Multiple products can be produced from this reaction; these include the monoacetylglycerols (MAG), diacetylglycerols (DAG), and triacetalglycerol (TAG) (also known as triacetin). (Wikipedia).

2,3-Dihydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid is found in alcoholic beverages. 2,3-Dihydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acid occurs in win

Acetin is a clear colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid with a characteristic odor. (NTP, 1992) 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl acetate is a natural product found in Penicillium commune with data available.

2-deoxypentose is a hydroxyaldehyde that is pentanal carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5. It is a deoxypentose, a hydroxyaldehyde and a triol. It derives from a hydride of a pentanal.

A hydroxyaldehyde that is pentanal carrying three hydroxy substituents at positions 3, 4 and 5." []